We used standardized regression coefficients to assess the effect size of the predictor variables on the three response variables. Continuous predictor variables were standardized and scaled by dividing their mean by two standard deviations (Gelman, 2008 ). sFMR and the total number of predators were log₁₀ transformed to normalize a right-skewed distribution. Multicollinearity of continuous predictor variables was not an issue because the variance inflation factor (VIF) of all continuous predictor variables remained below 1.5 for all models. We tested the linearity between the predictors and the response variables using a generalized additive mixed model (package gamm4 version 0.2-6). The predictors had an effective degree of freedom (edf) close to 1 and were therefore linearly related to the response variables. Model selection was performed by using the “drop1” protocol of Zuur et al. ( 2009 ) and the Akaike information criteria (AIC). The fit of the models was assessed using plots of model residuals.

3 Performance

For the metabolic rate models on body condition, the final model included sFMR, age class, and days since the start of the data collection, whereas for predator number models, the final model only included number of predators and age class (Table 1). The sum of the field metabolic rate of predators (sFMR) was negatively related to the body condition index of hares (Marginal R 2 = .61) (Table 1). Adult hares had a 21.8% higher body condition index than subadult (p < .001), whereas the body condition index of hares increased during the research period from autumn–winter) (p = .017). For the number of predators' models, while age class was correlated to body condition, the number of predators was not (Table 1).

For metabolic models and you may predator count designs toward weight of your own adrenal gland, the last design included this new predator list and you will hare gender (Desk dos)

• a models derive from size of 66 miglior sito incontri herpes hares when you look at the 13 google search accommodations collected during a period of 34 months.
• b Looks condition index (system size/hindfoot duration; Murray, 2002 ), sFMR = amount of the field metabolic rate, Years = subadult or adult, Day = weeks due to the fact start of the analysis collection, tNP = final amount regarding predators. Next variables were decrease out-of latest design step 1: portion of hares decide to try and you may sex regarding hares; last design dos: percentage of hares shot, sex out of hares, and you may weeks because the start of the investigation range.
• c Parameters was standardized by dos SD (Gelman, 2008 ).
• d * = p < .05, *** = p < .001.
• age Subadult are source classification.

The full total occupation kcalorie burning of predators (sFMR) is actually positively pertaining to the extra weight of adrenals (Marginal R 2 = .14) (Table dos). The complete quantity of predators, not, is actually unrelated towards weight off hare adrenals (Dining table dos). Additionally, adrenal glands of females have been 0.04 ± 0.017 grams ( ± SE) big than that men throughout the model that have sFMR, not from the design into the total number out of predators. In both cases, brand new portion of hares decide to try, age category, and you will days since the analysis were gathered are not related towards lbs of your adrenals.

For both metabolic designs and you may predator matter patterns towards pounds of the adrenal gland, the final design integrated the new predator list and you can hare sex (Desk 2)

• a designs derive from size of hares from inside the thirteen search rentals collected over a period of 34 weeks.
• b sFMR = amount of community metabolic process, Gender = man or woman, tNP = total number of predators. The next details was basically decrease out-of latest Habits step 1 and you may 2: part of hares’ decide to try, many years group, and you can weeks as the beginning of the analysis range.